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Delirium is a common and costly complication of hospitalization. Although medications are a known cause of delirium, antibiotics are an underrecognized class of medications associated with delirium. In this article, we comprehensively review the clinical, radiologic, and electrophysiologic features of antibiotic-associated encephalopathy (AAE). AAE can be divided into 3 unique clinical phenotypes: encephalopathy commonly accompanied by seizures or myoclonus arising within days after antibiotic administration (caused by cephalosporins and penicillin); encephalopathy characterized by psychosis arising within days of antibiotic administration (caused by quinolones, macrolides, and procaine penicillin); and encephalopathy accompanied by cerebellar signs and MRI abnormalities emerging weeks after initiation of antibiotics (caused by metronidazole). |
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antibiotics
antibiotics,neurologic complications with
ataxia,cerebellar
boomerang sign
cephalosporins
cerebellar lesion
complications
delirium
dentate nuclei,lesion of
drug induced neurologic disorders
electroencephalogram,abnormalities of
encephalopathy
iatrogenic neurologic disorders
metronidazole
MRI,abnormal
MRI,diffusion weighted
myoclonus
neurotoxic
penicillin
prognosis
psychosis
seizure
splenium of corpus callosum
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